§ Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂(lè)

　　【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)

　　★jazz  n. 爵士音樂(lè)

　　a kind of music

　　★musical  adj. 音樂(lè)的

　　music student : the student who learned music

　　musical student :有音樂(lè)天賦的(當(dāng)與人連用時(shí))

　　★instrument  n. 樂(lè)器

　　instrument=musical instrument

　　★clavichord  n. 古鋼琴, 不是現(xiàn)代的piano

　　a kind of instrument

　　★recently  adv. 最近

　　recently=lately

　　★damage  v. 損壞

　　★key  n. 琴鍵

　　key to the door

　　Do you know the key(答案)to the question?

　　key(關(guān)鍵)structure

　　★string  n. (樂(lè)器的)弦

　　★shock  v. 使不悅或生氣, 震驚

　　跟人的情緒有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)往往是 “人” (以sth為主語(yǔ))

　　The news shocks me 這個(gè)消息使我震驚

　　凡是能夠用 “人” 做賓語(yǔ), 又是表示人的情緒活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞, 有兩個(gè)形容詞形成 :

　　1.令人……; + -ing 2.感到…… + -ed

　　It shocked me.

　　It is shocking.

　　I'm shocked.

　　get a shock n.

　　sb.get a shock

　　surprise 好事壞事都可以, 只要你沒(méi)有料到　I want to give you surprise.

　　shock 必指壞事, 令人不悅, 生氣的

　　★allow  v. 允許, 讓

　　1、allow doing

　　Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smokeing

　　2、allow sb. to do sth

　　sb.be allowed to do sth.

　　You are allow to smoke(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　Allow常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)

　　You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you

　　★touch  v. 觸摸, 碰

　　【Text】

　　Lesson 10? Not for jazz? 不適于演奏爵士樂(lè)

　　First listen and then answer the question.聽(tīng)錄音, 然后回答以下問(wèn)題.

　　What happened to the clavichord?

　　We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

　　參考譯文

　　我家有件古樂(lè)器, 被稱(chēng)作古鋼琴, 是1681年德國(guó)造的. 我們的這架古鋼琴存放在起居室里. 我們家有這件樂(lè)器已經(jīng)很久了,  是我祖父在很多年以前買(mǎi)的. 可它最近被一個(gè)客人弄壞了, 因?yàn)樗�用它�?lái)彈奏爵士樂(lè). 她在擊琴鍵時(shí)用力過(guò)猛, 損壞了兩根琴弦. 我父親大為吃驚, 不許我們?cè)賱?dòng)它. 父親的一個(gè)朋友正在修理這件樂(lè)器.

　　【課文講解】

　　be done (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　call sb.sth.稱(chēng)某人為什么

　　sb.be called

　　be made

　　1、be made in +地點(diǎn)

　　2、be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多種原料):由……制造(材料)

　　The ring is made of gold.

　　It is made from plastic.

　　3、be made into:被……制成

　　The gold is made into a ring.

　　is done:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　was done:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　使用那一個(gè)不取決于動(dòng)詞, 而取決于該句話的時(shí)態(tài)

　　只要見(jiàn)到ago,一定使用過(guò)去時(shí)

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要在前面加by

　　play: 1.跟球類(lèi)連用, 直接+球類(lèi); 2.跟樂(lè)器連用, +the+樂(lè)器, 演奏樂(lè)器而非音樂(lè)

　　play music on + 樂(lè)器 , 一定要用 “on”

　　hard: 修飾動(dòng)作程度的重和深

　　漢語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣用主動(dòng)形式, 英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)形式

　　be+動(dòng)詞的ing形式 : 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

　　be+done:　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　be being done : 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　be動(dòng)詞有多少種時(shí)態(tài), 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就有多少種

　　have been done

　　will be done

　　can be done

　　had been done

　　is/am/are/was/were/ done

　　I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.

　　The cake has been made.

　　The cake was made.

　　The cake had been made.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是人用主動(dòng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是物用被動(dòng), 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分永遠(yuǎn)做主語(yǔ)

　　雙重所有格/雙重屬格 : 名詞+of+名詞所有格(名詞性的物主代詞)

　　只有一張照片　my photo

　　很多照片中的一張　a photo of mine

　　It happened to a friend of mine.

　　【Special Difficulties】 難點(diǎn)

　　Exercise A

　　1? Is your watch made ______ gold?

　　2? These knives were made ______ Sheffield.

　　3? This cake was made ______ sugar, flour, butter and eggs.

　　of  2.in  3.from

　　Exercise B(改寫(xiě)以下斜體部分)

　　1? He borrowed one of my records.

　　2? She showed me one of John's pictures.

　　3? It was one of her ideas.

　　4? One of your letters was found on my desk.

　　5? Some of their friends came to see me.

　　?

　　1.He borrowed a record of mine.

　　2.She showed me a picture of John's

　　3.It was an idea of hers.

　　4.A letter of yours was found on my desk.

　　5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.

　　雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu) :

　　"a friend of my father"

　　"my father's friend(s)"　 ……只有一個(gè)(很多)朋友

　　"a friend of my father's" √

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)很多當(dāng)中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)的時(shí)候, 選用雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　【Multiple choice questions】多項(xiàng)選擇題

　　7? We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.

　　a.mustn't b.mustn't to c.haven't to d.don't have to

　　7....A

　　"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允許

　　肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中must和have to是一個(gè)概念

　　否定結(jié)構(gòu)中must和have to就不一樣了

　　mustn't:不準(zhǔn), 不可以

　　have to的否定 : 不必(have實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)……don't have to

　　You don't have to go to school.

　　You mustn't go to school.

　　9? It's kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.

　　a.have? b.hold c.lift d.carry

　　9....A

　　keep(kept,kept):保持; 保存

　　keep sth.+地點(diǎn) : 在某地放...(狀態(tài))

　　put:放(動(dòng)作)

　　That's where

　　That's后面+以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句

　　That's why:那就是...的原因

　　That's where:那就是...地點(diǎn)

　　lift:舉起

　　carry:扛著, 背著, 抱著

　　hold:擁有, 持有, 握著

　　have:擁有

　　10? The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.

　　a.hurt b.pained c.broke d.destroyed

　　10....C

　　"damaged"……可以修復(fù)

　　destroy……無(wú)法修復(fù)

　　pain……有身體的疼痛

　　hurt……hurt oneself/身體的某個(gè)部位/feelings: 受傷,傷害

　　身體的某個(gè)部位+hurt: ...疼痛

　　My hand hurts.

　　My leg hurts.

　　Hurt my leg.

　　broke——打破, 打斷, 打碎

　　I broke my leg.

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