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新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons18

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2009-07-11 17:24:04

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1.After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家鄉(xiāng)村小酒店吃過(guò)午飯后,就找我的提包。

(1)have在have lunch這個(gè)詞組中是完全動(dòng)詞而不是助動(dòng)詞,因此,像其他完全動(dòng)詞一樣,它的過(guò)去完成時(shí)要加助動(dòng)詞had。

(cf. 本課語(yǔ)法)

(2)pub為public house(酒店,酒吧)的縮略形式,在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的口語(yǔ)中較常見:

Let's go to the pub for a drink.

咱們?nèi)ゾ频旰缺瓢伞?/p>

(3)look for強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這個(gè)動(dòng)作,而不涉及結(jié)果:

I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn't find it.

我到處尋找我的鑰匙,但還是沒找到。

2.I had left it on a chair beside the door…我曾把它放在門邊的椅子上……

leave除了“離去”、“離開”、“出發(fā)”的意思,還可以表示“把(人、物)留下”、“遺留”、“丟下”等:

The dog has left your bag by a tree.

那狗把你的提包丟在了一棵樹旁。

Have you left anything in the car?

你有沒有把什么東西丟在車?yán)铮?/p>

Leave the books on the desk.

把書放在課桌上。

3.My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!我的狗把它弄到花園里去了,他常干這種事!

he在這里指代的是狗。動(dòng)物通常用it來(lái)代表,即被看成像東西一樣。但是,指寵物、家畜或民間故事中的動(dòng)物時(shí),我們經(jīng)常也用he,she,who等,即使得它們“人格化”并具有性別。用陰性代詞指某個(gè)動(dòng)物或東西時(shí)尤其有一種親切的含義:

I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.

我有一只小貓。她天天早上喝牛奶。

George's parrot, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.

喬治的鸚鵡亨利能說(shuō)幾個(gè)單詞。只要有燈光他就叫。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

完全動(dòng)詞have

(1)動(dòng)詞have有兩種用法。一是作為助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)(包括過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))和完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

I haven't seen him this morning.

我今天上午沒見過(guò)他。

When I rang, Tim had already left.

我打電話的時(shí)候,蒂姆已經(jīng)走了。

(2)have還可以作完全動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)它作“具有”、“擁有”講時(shí),它和have got通?梢曰Q。在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,疑問句和否定句中

have(具有)的用法與be相同,即可以不用助動(dòng)詞do(或did)。

I haven't got any pencils.

我沒有鉛筆。

在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,常用do,did等與have一起構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句:

這種形式在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)在也常見了。

have作“具有”、“擁有”講時(shí)是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

You can have these apples if you want them. I've got a lot more.

假如你想要這些蘋果你可以把它們拿走。我還有許多。

He has(got) a Ford.

他有一輛福特牌汽車。

在其他時(shí)態(tài)中,一般用have而不用 have got:

He had a Ford last year.

去年他有過(guò)一輛福特牌汽車。

I have had this car for three years.

這輛汽車我已用了3年了。

Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.

上星期吉米得了重感冒。

(3)have 作完全動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可以表示eat,drink,enjoy,take等意思,這時(shí)它是行為動(dòng)詞,可以用于包括進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種時(shí)態(tài):

Have a cigarette, Sam.

薩姆,請(qǐng)抽煙。

We will have dinner at seven o'clock.

我們將于7點(diǎn)開飯。

Sam and I had lunch together today.

我和薩姆今天一起吃的午飯。

I'm having a drink.

我正在喝點(diǎn)東西。

當(dāng)have用于表示這些含義時(shí),它必須與do和did等連用以構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句:

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.beside與besides

介詞beside常用的含義為“在……旁邊”、“在……四周”:

Come and sit beside us.

過(guò)來(lái)坐在我們旁邊吧。

There is a chair beside the door.

門旁邊有一把椅子。

besides的詞形與beside很相似,但意義卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。besides作副詞時(shí)表示“而且”、“并且”、“此外”等意思:

She has so much else to do besides.

此外,她還有許多其他事要做。

I'm quite busy today. Besides, I've got a bad cold.

我今天很忙,而且我還感冒得厲害。

besides還可以作介詞,表示“除……之外(還)”:

There were a lot of people at the party besides us.

除了我們以外,晚會(huì)上還有許多(其他)人。

2.give的幾個(gè)固定搭配

及物動(dòng)詞give常用的含義是“給予”、“交給”:

Give me some water, please.

請(qǐng)給我一些水。

I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.

我上個(gè)月曾借給他一些書。他今天上午都還給我了?梢钥闯,give與back連用時(shí),它的意義并沒有發(fā)生太大的變化。但是,當(dāng)它與其他副詞連用時(shí),意義往往會(huì)有變化,有時(shí)變化非常大:

He gave away all his books to the library.

他把所有的書都贈(zèng)給了這家圖書館。(give away:贈(zèng)予)

Give in your examination papers after you've finished.

考卷做好后就交上來(lái)。(give in:上交,呈交)

You can do what you like. I will never give in.

你想干什么就干什么。我決不屈服。(give in:屈服,讓步)

He gave up drinking a few years ago.

他幾年前戒酒了。(give up:放棄,拋棄)

Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.

杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出來(lái)。(give up:交出,讓出)

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.要害句型練習(xí)答案

A 1 I looked for my bag after I had had lunch at a village pub.

2 I had left my bag on a chair beside the door.

3 The landlord asked me:‘Did you have a good meal?’

4 I answered:‘I can't pay the bill because I haven't got my bag.’

5 The dog had taken the bag into the garden.

C Sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11

2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

A 1 back 2 away 3 in 4 in

B 1 Besides 2 beside

3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1b 2d 3b 4d 5b 6c

7d 8c 9a 10c 11c 12b
 

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