4）　 be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：

　　He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

　　注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

　　11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如：

　　If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

　　Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

　　11.6 be to和be going to

　　be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：

　　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

　　I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）

　　11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來

　　1）下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。

　　When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開？十分鐘后。

　　2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

　　Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

　　There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

　　3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：

　　When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后，讓他等我。

　　I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。

　　4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：

　　I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

　　Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

　　11.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來

　　下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如：

　　I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

　　Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？

　　11.9 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have （has） +過去分詞。

　　11.10 比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

　　2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。

　　一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。

　　共同的時(shí)間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

　　3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

　　一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

　　I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了）

　　I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）

　　Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了）

　　Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）

　　He has been in the League for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）

　　He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）

　　句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。

　�。ㄥe(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　�。▽�(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

　　11.11 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

　　1）It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

　　This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing.　這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

　　注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.

　　2）This is +形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

　　This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

　　典型例題

　�。�1） ---Do you know our town at all?

　　---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

　　A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming

　　答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

　　（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

　　---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

　　A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come

　　答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。

　　注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

　�。ㄥe(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.

　　（對(duì)）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.