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新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons40

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2009-09-27 11:45:53

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1.next to, 挨著。

它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:

Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?

開會(huì)時(shí)坐在你旁邊的那人是誰(shuí)?

There's a field/shop next to our house.

我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個(gè)商店。

2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴(yán)肅的女人,穿一件緊身的黑衣服。

(1)unsmiling的反義詞為smiling(微笑的,喜氣洋洋的)。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來(lái)表示相反的意義:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真實(shí)的)/untrue(不真實(shí)的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(無(wú)趣味的,乏味的)。

(2)in在這里表示“穿著”、“戴著”:

A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.

有位穿藍(lán)衣服的小伙子在找您。

3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。

take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:

Please take a seat.

請(qǐng)坐。

take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:

After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.

大家各自就座后,會(huì)議/宴會(huì)便開始了。

4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子,不一會(huì)兒就忙著吃起來(lái)了。

(1)fix最常用的意思為“使……固定”、“安裝”:

she fixed a handle on the door.

她在門上安了個(gè)把手。

fix on的含義之一為“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯著”:

He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.

他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個(gè)字兒也沒看懂。

(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙著做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:

They are busy (in) repairing the car.

他們正忙著修車。

We're all busy getting ready for the performance.

我們都在忙著為演出進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。

5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點(diǎn),少說點(diǎn)……

在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長(zhǎng)度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對(duì)應(yīng),more與less對(duì)應(yīng)。再如:

You can either go out or stay here.

你出去也行,呆在這里也行。

He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.

他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

第2類條件句

在第16課的語(yǔ)法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來(lái)的真實(shí)結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:

You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.

你如果不抓緊時(shí)間會(huì)誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時(shí))

第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時(shí),談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動(dòng)詞原形,推測(cè)想像的結(jié)果:

If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.

如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。

盡管第2類條件句使用過去時(shí),卻并非指過去的時(shí)間,所以,if之后的過去時(shí)用法常被稱為“非真實(shí)的過去”。

第2類條件句有時(shí)可以代替第1類條件句來(lái)描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為“無(wú)把握”。試比較:

不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來(lái)描寫完全不可能的事情:

If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.

如果我的腿再長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)兒,我就能跑得更快了。

在最后一個(gè)例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實(shí)情況的差別也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.

如果他準(zhǔn)備好了,我就去。

if I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:

If I were you, I'd accept their offer.

如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.make vt., vi.

及物動(dòng)詞make的原義為“制造”,但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),最常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:

I tried to make conversation.

我試圖找個(gè)話題。

If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.

如果你愿意,今天早上我來(lái)鋪床。

Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.

我看書時(shí)你(們)別這么吵鬧。

He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.

他保證一星期后將書還回來(lái)。

If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.

你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。

He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.

他很刻苦,但他進(jìn)步甚小。

He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.

他掙錢多,花錢也多。

Can you make a speech for our students?

您能為我們的學(xué)生演講一次嗎?

I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.

我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。

在表示“下定決心”、“拿定王意”時(shí)要用詞組make up one's mind:

Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?

你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?

2.do vt.

與make一樣,完全動(dòng)詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:

I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.

我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。

After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.

你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。

Would you please do me a favour?

請(qǐng)幫個(gè)忙好嗎?

I did a few jobs about the house.

我干了點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。

I did a lot of work around the house.

我干了許多家務(wù)活。

Can you do any more work today?

你今天還能再干點(diǎn)活嗎?

We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.

我們得做第10課的第2項(xiàng)和第3項(xiàng)練習(xí)。

That shop does very good business.

那家商店的生意很好。

do 還可以與動(dòng)名詞連用:

We did all our shopping yesterday.

我們昨天把東西都買了。

I do a lot of swimming.

我常常游泳。

I did some reading this afternoon.

今天下午我讀了點(diǎn)書。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

1 were                    2 tries              3 will burn

4 would have to       5 lost               6 do not apologize

7 were                    8 won             9 would not be

10 could

2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 made… do  2 does… makes

3 doing…making  4 made…did

3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 c  2 c  3 b  4 c  5 a  6 a

7 c  8 b  9 b  10 b  11b  12 d
 

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