答案:
1. x2k-y2k能被x+y整除
因?yàn)閚為正偶數(shù),故第一值n=2,第二步假設(shè)n取第k個(gè)正偶數(shù)成立,即n=2k,故應(yīng)假設(shè)成x2k-y2k能被x+y整除.
2.25(34k+2+52k+1)+56·32k+2
當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),34(k+1)+2+52(k+1)+1=81·34k+2+25·52k+1=25(34k2+52k+1)+56·33k+2
3.證明(1)當(dāng)n=1時(shí),左=1,右=(31-1)=1,命題成立.
(2)假設(shè)n=k時(shí),命題成立,即:1+3+9+…3k-1=(3k-1),則當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),1+3+9+…+3k-1+3k=(3k-1)+3k=(3k+1-1),即n=k+1命題成立.
4.證明(1)當(dāng)n=1時(shí),13+(1+1)3+(1+2)3=36能被9整除.
(2)假設(shè)n=k時(shí)成立即:k3+(k+1)3+(k+2)3能被9整除,當(dāng)k=n+1時(shí)
(k+1)3+(k+2)3+(k+3)3= k3+(k+1)3+(k+2)3+9k2+9k+27= k3+(k+1)3+(k+2)3+9(k2+k+3)能被9整除
由(1),(2)可知原命題成立.