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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納——第二部分:語(yǔ)法知識(shí)5

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:奧數(shù)網(wǎng)整理 2018-07-13 14:56:16

  第二部分:語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

  五、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

  1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。

  ?at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)

  2.on

  1)表示具體日期。

  注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:

  ??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指

  ??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指

  ??over the weekend?在整個(gè)周末

  ??during the weekend?在周末期間

  ? (2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說(shuō)at Christmas?而不說(shuō)on Christmas?

  2)在(剛……)的時(shí)候。

  On reaching the city he called up his parents.

  一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。

  3.in

  1)表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

  六、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài):

  (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成

  1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。

  2. 行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。

  動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):

  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

  A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

 、 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

 、 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

  B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

  (3)一般將來(lái)時(shí):

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):

 、賐e going to + do;

 、趙ill+ do. be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  (4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

  動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

 、 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

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