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2022小學(xué)英語語法:動詞的變化

來源:奧數(shù)網(wǎng)整理 2022-04-21 10:31:27

  1)代詞及be動詞

  主格 I we you you she/he/it they

  賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

  代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

  名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

  be動詞現(xiàn)在時 Am are are are is are

  be動詞過去時 was were were were was were

  2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

  規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

  規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells  toy→toys

  規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes  church→churches

  規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios  potato→potatoes

  規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的,變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives  half→halves

  規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies  study→studies

  3)動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

  規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

  規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

  規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

  4)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

  規(guī)則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking,  read-reading,  play-playing

  規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

  規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾, 即單詞中只有一個元音字母,其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母再加-ing  e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

  5)動詞過去式

  規(guī)則動詞變化

  規(guī)則1 一般動詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

  規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. close-closed, arrive-arrived

  規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

  規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾, 即單詞中只有一個元音字母,其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母再加-ed  stop-stopped

  過去式的讀音

  在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

  在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

  在/t/,/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

  6)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

  比較級

  規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

  規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

  規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加-er busy-busier

  規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

  最高級

  規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

  規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

  規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

  規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

  7)常見縮寫:

  is='s I am=I'm are='re

  is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

  do not=don't

  does not=doesn't

  was='s

  did not=didn't

  can not=can't

  have='ve

  has='s

  have not=haven't

  has not=hasn't

  will='ll

  will not=won't

  shall not=shan't

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