三：動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則

　　A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

　�、� 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如　worked , learned , cleaned , visited

　　②　以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如　lived , danced , used

　�、� 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如　study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

　�、� 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如　stopped

　　B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：

　　sing – sang ,

　　eat – ate ,

　　see – saw ,

　　have – had ,

　　do – did ,

　　go – went ,

　　take – took ,

　　buy – bought ,

　　get – got ,

　　read – read ,

　　fly – flew ,

　　am/is – was ,

　　are – were ,

　　say – said ,

　　leave – left ,

　　swim – swam ,

　　tell – told ,

　　draw – drew ,

　　come – came ,

　　lose – lost ,

　　find – found ,

　　drink – drank ,

　　hurt – hurt ,

　　feel – felt

　　四：動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則

　�、� 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　　② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing　，如having , writing

　�、� 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting

　　五：句型專項(xiàng)歸類

　　1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

　　There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

　　2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

　　He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

　　He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。

　　3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來回答。

　　如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

　　Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

　　Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

　　Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

　　Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)

　　Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).

　　Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

　　Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，

　　①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。

　　②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。

　　這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。

　　4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如：

　　What is this? It’s a computer.

　　What does he do? He’s a doctor.

　　Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.

　　Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.

　　Which season do you like best? Summer.

　　When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.

　　Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.

　　Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.

　　How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.

　　How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.

　　☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問，如： how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

　　例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.

　　How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.

　　How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.

　　☆小結(jié)：how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少……?

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見多少……?

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…? 有多少……?